How to Make an NdFeB Magnet

 The first step in making an NdFeB Magnet is to grind and cut the material to the proper shape. This is done using a fine wire to avoid kerf losses. The next step is to machine the material. Once the magnet is machined, the next step is to finish the process by grinding it to the final dimensions. After this, the metal is ready for strip casting. This process involves heating the material in a vacuum furnace and forcing a stream of molten metal onto a drum. The high temperature and the speed of cooling result in tiny grains.

There are several types of NdFeB magnets available on the market. The standard grade is Nd2Fe14B, which is produced by high-energy milling. The metal powders are mixed according to their stoichimetric composition. The process results in different particle sizes. The resulting material is then classified by its size. This ensures the most efficient use of space. The material can be processed and used in a wide variety of applications.

The production of NdFeB magnets is mainly concentrated in China, which accounted for 87% of global magnet production in 2018. The rest of the global market is dominated by Japan and other Asian countries. The United States is the world's largest producer of this material. The production volume in these countries is roughly equal to its demand, and this makes them the preferred choice of manufacturers. The market for this type of magnet is rapidly growing and will continue to grow.

The Binnemans group at the University of Michigan has been working on developing methods to recover rare earth elements (REEs) from end-of-life NdFeB magnets. This process uses a high-speed stream of inert gas that impinges on the other metal powder inside the cyclone. Its aim is to create particles with a narrow distribution of sizes. The resulting material is characterized by its superior properties in a wide temperature range.

In addition to EV manufacturers, wind turbine makers are also looking for NdFeB magnets to produce turbines. By 2030, the wind and EV industries are expected to generate up to 80% of high-performance NdFeB magnets. These two sectors are also driving the supply growth of these materials. In addition to the EV and wind turbine industries, China is also the largest market for NdFeB.

Both SmCo and NdFeB magnets have similar crystal structures, both hexagonal and tetragonal. The hexagonal structure of both types of magnets is beneficial in achieving highly directional magnetic properties. However, it is worth noting that the SmCo magnets contain 65% of cobalt, one of the naturally ferromagnetic elements. These components give the magnets their powerful performance.

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